The Korean Alphabet (Hangul)

Today I’m going to focus on Korean language - more specifically, the alphabet (yes, Korean has an alphabet).  About four years ago, some Korean friends of mine taught me the Korean alphabet (called the Hangul) but I need to brush up my knowledge a bit.  I'll try to sum up what I can remember, and if I make any errors, please let me know in the comments!  Again, I am not an expert, I am just communicating what I remember and what I've learned.

Hangul was created by the court of King Sejong the Great in the 1440s.  You can actually see King Sejong on the 10,000 Korean Won bank note.  The Hangul was created to be very easy to learn, especially when compared to Chinese script, which was difficult to learn and used primarily by the aristocracy.  According to the Hunmin Jeong-eum Haerye, a document from the 1440s explaining the Hangul, "A wise man can acquaint himself with [the letters] before the morning is over; a stupid man can learn them in the space of ten days."  Since we're not stupid, let's go over the Hangul and learn it quickly!